英格麗絲的微笑
“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學科欄目之一,專注于考研英語(二)的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語教研組老師們對詞匯記憶、復習規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得,旨在幫助同學們梳理英語學科知識、掌握解題思路,從而更好地學習、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關注英格麗絲的微笑,這里有:有料的知識、有趣的驚喜!
考研英語二的考試大綱寫道:“根據(jù)閱讀材料,考生應能理解主旨要義”。所以讀文章,從宏觀上把握全文的中心思想、主旨大意至關重要。重要性體現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面:
1. 幾乎每年閱讀真題都有對主旨題的考查。
2. 把握好全文主旨有利于我們攻克其它題型。
下面我們就來看看如何攻克主旨題。
如何判別主旨題
要想拿下主旨題,第一步需要同學們可以迅速判別出什么樣的題是主旨題。主旨題的題干標志詞主要如下:
mainly about 主要關于;
mainly discuss 主要討論;
mainly talk about 主要討論;
the best/suitable/approximate/proper title 最好的/合適的標題;
main idea 主旨,主要觀點;
summarize 總結(jié);
focus on 集中于,等等。
另外,提醒一下,主旨題大多數(shù)時候出現(xiàn)在文章的第五題。
此外,還需要注意主旨題的三個要點:
1. 包含中心詞,即文章反復談論的對象;
2. 包含準確的方向,即觀點、態(tài)度、舉措等詞匯;
3. 全面。
解題思路
判別完畢,了解完主旨題要點,就可以介紹我們正式的解題方法了。給大家提供三種不同的解題思路。
解讀:所謂在題干中高頻出現(xiàn),指的是在5個題干中出現(xiàn)大于等于2次的原詞或者同義詞,中心詞可以有1-2個。
解讀:全文主旨句大多數(shù)時候出現(xiàn)在首段末句或第2段首句的轉(zhuǎn)折處;重復出現(xiàn)的觀點;對開頭問句的回答;獨句段。
解讀:段落主旨句一般出現(xiàn)在段落首句,把每段首句串聯(lián)以及末段末句串聯(lián)起來可以找到全文主旨,注意轉(zhuǎn)折處。
如果能夠用“詞”解決的可以用“詞”解決,“詞”解決不了的,可以用“一句”解決,“一句”解決不了的也可以借助“幾句”來解決。當然如果時間充足,也可以多重保險,相互印證。
那我們來看幾個例子。
真題解析
例1: 2016年Text 3
35.The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading (如何享受輕松閱讀)
[B] How to Find Time to Read (如何找到時間閱讀)
[C] How to Set Reading Goals (如何設定閱讀目標)
[D] How to Read Extensively(如何進行廣泛閱讀)
31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because .
32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if .
35. The best title for this text could be .
例2:2017年 Text 3
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year(支持間隔年)
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year(間隔年的基本知識)
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back(間隔年再度興起)
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma(間隔年:一個艱難抉擇)
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .
33. The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
分析:通過對五個題干的觀察,a gap year(間隔年) 是高頻中心詞,但是ABCD四個選項都有the gap year, 所以這個方法不能幫助我們找到答案,我們再往下找另一個方法。
如上文所說,全文主旨句一般在首段末句或第2段首句的轉(zhuǎn)折處;重復出現(xiàn)的觀點;對開頭問句的回答;獨句段。
句:第2段首句But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.
分析:這篇文章第2段首句有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, 這句話的意思是:但是盡管這可能是對的,但這不足以成為譴責(condemn)間隔年的理由。那作者對間隔年的態(tài)度是正面的。因此可以選擇A選項In Favor of the Gap Year(支持間隔年)。
同學們還可以嘗試用第三種方法做噢。
例3:2010年 Text 1
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices (藝術品價格的波動)
[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions(最新的藝術品拍賣)
[C] Art Market in Decline(衰退的藝術品市場)
[D] Shifted Interest in Arts(對藝術品的興趣變化)
21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because .
22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1~2, Para. 3), the author suggests that .
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
分析:五個題干中沒有明顯高頻詞,可以跳到下一步。
無明顯全文主旨句,可以再跳到下一步。
主1首句:The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008.
主2首句:The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.
主3首句:In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.
主4首句:The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.
主5首句:What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market.
末段末句:But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
分析:可以看到,高頻出現(xiàn)在各段句首的詞為the art market(藝術市場),觀察四個選項,只有C選項Art Market in Decline(衰退的藝術品市場) 包含中心詞;同時,我們也可以看出來,ended(結(jié)束);losing momentum(失去勢頭);unfashionable(過時);downturn(衰退);worst(最糟糕);slump(驟跌)都是負面方向的詞,和C選項中的decline(衰退)方向一致。
今天的內(nèi)容就到這里啦,同學們也可以針對性地對歷年真題中的主旨題進行練習,我們下期再見。有任何疑問或想法都歡迎在評論區(qū)留言哦~